Final Project Submission: Integrative Review of the Literature
Topic of project: Equipment and product safety, which is majorly related to peri-operative nursing.
For this assessment, prepare a scholarly integrative review of the literature that will support a recommendation for a practice change to solve or improve the identified clinical problem or issue. To cover the appropriate range of the research, you should search for and retrieve six current and relevant nursing research studies from primary sources that are relevant to your clinical topic of interest (these should be the articles from your annotated bibliography). Follow the assignment guidelines attached below to prepare a scholarly integrative review of the research literature you retrieved.
Milestones 1,2,3,4 are attached below for reference and guidance as they’ve been done already and to be incorporated.
Your paper should be a maximum of 12 pages, exclusive of the title page, abstract, references, and appendices. Your paper should be formatted with one-inch margins and 12-point Times New Roman font, and all citations must appear in proper APA format.
NUR 440 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview The world of professional nursing practice and health policy is ever-evolving to meet the new dynamics of care needs in every setting. As a registered nurse, you are accountable and responsible for making decisions that are consistent with safe, competent, and ethical practice on a daily basis. You also face a variety of complex issues that impact the delivery of your nursing care. A professional practice issue is any issue or situation that either compromises client care/service by placing a client at risk, or affects a nurse’s ability to provide care/service consistent with standards and guidelines, and agency or organization policies or procedures. For this final project, you will develop an integrative review of literature about a clinical problem or issue of your choosing encountered in nursing practice. The purpose of an integrative review of literature assignment is to assist in preparing a scholarly paper that systematically collects, classifies, and analyzes a body of research evidence about a clinical topic in order to make evidence-based practice recommendations for a practice change. The project is divided into four milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules One, Two, Four, and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven. In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
Assess diverse ways of knowing in nursing for their appropriateness in conducting nursing research and evidence-based nursing practice Critique relevant primary research sources for their potential to provide evidence-based solutions to clinical nursing problems Employ principles of ethical conduct of research in seeking evidence-based resources that support professional nursing practice changes Propose evidence-based recommendations for practice changes that address clinical nursing problems for improving quality of care
Prompt Choose a clinical problem or issue, with your instructor’s approval, that might be encountered in nursing practice. For this assessment, prepare a scholarly integrative review of the literature that will support a recommendation for a practice change to solve or improve the identified clinical problem or issue. To cover the appropriate range of the research, you should search for and retrieve six current and relevant nursing research studies from primary sources that are relevant to your clinical topic of interest (these should be the articles from your annotated bibliography). Follow the assignment guidelines below to prepare a scholarly integrative review of the research literature you retrieved. Specifically, your integrative review of the literature should include the following critical elements: I. Introduction
A. What is the purpose of the integrative review?
B. Clearly articulate the topic of interest, problem statement, and the research question being studied. C. What variables of interest (such as concepts, target population, setting, interventions, etc.) will be used to guide the review of literature? D. Discuss the background and significance of the problem to nursing. Be sure to substantiate your claims with specific examples from your research.
II. Literature Search Methods
A. Identify keywords, subject headings, and combinations used in the initial search. B. Which databases were searched? C. State the inclusion/exclusion criteria for the sample of research reports. In other words, how did you make decisions to narrow the search and focus
the literature review? How was the final sample of research reports determined?
III. Data Analysis and Critical Appraisal A. Analyze the quality of each study. In other words, is the problem well formulated and the purpose of the study clear? Is the study approach well
designed and executed? Does the study demonstrate understanding of related studies? Do the findings advance knowledge? B. Note each study’s strengths and limitations. C. Identify gaps in the literature and reflect on why these may exist. D. Identify similarities and inconsistencies across the studies.
IV. Synthesis, Interpretation and Presentation of Results
A. Develop an evidence table of your results that addresses the following criteria for each study: report citation, design, method, sample, data collection, data analysis, validity, and reliability of the findings. This table should appear in the Appendix of your paper.
B. Identify major trends or patterns in the research reviewed. C. Can you make generalizations across the studies? Why or why not? D. What conclusions can you draw? Be sure to use a logical chain of evidence to support them. E. Provide a scholarly summary of the research reviewed that describes the “state of the science” presented by the research reports. F. Make practice recommendations based on the research reviewed.
V. Conclusions
A. Identify the limitations of the literature review. B. Discuss the relevance of the results of your literature review to clinical practice. C. Discuss implications of the recommended practice change on future nursing practice and research.
VI. Abstract: Include an abstract at the beginning of your paper that summarizes each of the following elements:
A. Aims and objectives B. Background C. Methods D. Results E. Conclusions
F. Relevance to clinical practice VII. Appendix: Provide an appendix at the end of your paper that includes the following elements:
G. Search method flow chart H. The table of evidence that you developed in Step IV.A
Milestones
Milestone One: Topic Proposal In Module One, you will submit your topic proposal for instructor approval. You will briefly explain your interest and what you hope to gain through a review of the literature. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric. Milestone Two: PICO(T) Question In Module Two, you will submit your PICO(T) question, which will guide your research and review of the literature. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric. Milestone Three: Annotated Bibliography In Module Four, you will submit an annotated bibliography to help gather resources for your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Three Rubric. Milestone Four: Evidence Table In Module Five, you will submit an evidence table to organize your resources and as part of your final project. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Four Rubric. Final Submission: Integrative Review of the Literature In Module Seven, you will submit your final project. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It should reflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric.
Deliverables Milestone Deliverable Module Due Grading
One Topic Proposal One Graded separately; Milestone One Rubric
Two PICO(T) Question Two Graded separately; Milestone Two Rubric
Three Annotated Bibliography Four Graded separately; Milestone Three Rubric
Four Evidence Table Five Graded separately; Milestone Four Rubric
Final Submission: Integrative Review of the Literature
Seven Graded separately; Final Project Rubric
Final Project Rubric Guidelines for Submission: Your paper should be a maximum of 12 pages, exclusive of the title page, abstract, references, and appendices. Your paper should be formatted with one-inch margins and 12-point Times New Roman font, and all citations must appear in proper APA format.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value Introduction: Purpose
Meets “Proficient” criteria and description is in depth and includes scholarly detail
Accurately describes the purpose of the integrative review
Describes the purpose of the integrative review, but with gaps in accuracy
Does not describe the purpose of the integrative review
4.8
Introduction: Articulate
Meets “Proficient” criteria and uses scholarly, industry language to demonstrate expertise
Clearly articulates topic of interest, problem statement, and research question
Articulates topic of interest, problem statement, or research question, but with gaps in clarity or detail
Does not articulate topic of interest, problem statement, and research question
4.8
Introduction: Variables
Meets “Proficient” criteria and variables identified demonstrate keen insight into the literature review process
Comprehensively identifies variables of interest used to guide the review of literature
Identifies variables of interest used to guide the review of literature, but identification is not comprehensive
Does not identify variables of interest used to guide the review of literature
4.8
Introduction: Background and
Significance
Meets “Proficient” criteria and makes nuanced connections between concepts
Discusses the background and significance of the problem to nursing, and substantiates claims with specific examples from research
Discusses the background and significance of the problem to nursing, but does not substantiate claims with specific examples from research
Does not discuss the background and significance of the problem to nursing
4.8
Literature Search Methods: Keywords
Meets “Proficient” criteria and demonstrates keen insight into scholarly search methods
Accurately identifies keywords, subject headings, and combinations used in the initial search
Identifies keywords, subject headings, or combinations used in the initial search, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not identify keywords, subject headings, and combinations used in the initial search
4.3
Literature Search Methods: Databases
Meets “Proficient” criteria and databases identified demonstrate keen insight into the literature review process
Identifies databases appropriate to the issue that were used in the initial search
Identifies databases that were used in the initial search, but databases are not appropriate to the issue
Does not identify databases that were used in the initial search
4.3
Literature Search Methods:
Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria
Meets “Proficient” criteria and description is in depth and includes scholarly detail
Describes inclusion and exclusion criteria appropriate to the issue for the sample of research reports
Describes inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample of research reports, but criteria are not appropriate to the issue
Does not describe inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample of research reports
4.8
Analysis and Appraisal: Quality
Meets “Proficient” criteria and analysis is exceptionally well informed and well supported
Accurately analyzes the quality of each study
Analyzes study quality, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not analyze the quality of each study
4.3
Analysis and Appraisal: Strengths and
Limitations
Meets “Proficient” criteria and demonstrates novel, scholarly insight into research study characteristics
Accurately identifies each study’s strengths and limitations
Identifies study strengths and limitations, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not identify each study’s strengths and limitations
4.3
Analysis and Appraisal: Gaps
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Accurately identifies gaps in literature and reflects on why they may exist
Inaccurately identifies gaps in literature, or does not reflect on why they may exist
Does not identify gaps in literature
4.3
Analysis and Appraisal: Similarities and Inconsistencies
Meets “Proficient” criteria and demonstrates novel, scholarly insight into research study characteristics
Accurately identifies similarities and differences across the studies
Identifies similarities or differences across the studies, but with gaps in accuracy or detail
Does not identify similarities and differences across the studies
4.3
Results: Evidence Table
Meets “Proficient” criteria and presentation of data is exceptionally clear and logical
Develops a comprehensive evidence table
Develops an evidence table, but with gaps in detail
Does not develop an evidence table
4.8
Results: Major Trends
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Accurately identifies major trends or patterns in the research
Identifies trends or patterns in the research, but with gaps in accuracy
Does not identify trends or patterns in the research
4.3
Results: Generalizations
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Accurately determines if generalizations can be made across studies, and justifies position
Inaccurately determines if generalizations can be made across studies, or does not justify position
Does not determine if generalizations can be made across studies
3.5
Results: Conclusions
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Explains appropriate conclusions that can be drawn, and uses a logical chain of evidence to support them
Explains conclusions that can be drawn, but they are not appropriate, or does not use a logical chain of evidence to support them
Does not explain conclusions that can be drawn
4.8
Results: Summary
Meets “Proficient” criteria and articulation is exceptionally clear and logical
Provides a scholarly summary of the research that describes the “state of the science” presented by the research reports
Provides a summary of the research that is not scholarly, or does not describe the “state of the science” presented by the research reports
Does not provide a summary of the research
4.8
Results: Recommendations
Meets “Proficient” criteria and provides detailed examples of how the recommendation(s) will fill the gaps in practice
Makes appropriate practice change recommendation(s) based on the research reviewed
Makes practice change recommendation(s) that are not appropriate, or are not based on the research reviewed
Does not make practice change recommendation(s)
4.8
Conclusions: Limitations
Meets “Proficient” criteria and demonstrates novel, scholarly insight into the literature review process
Accurately identifies limitations of the literature review
Identifies limitations of the literature review, but with gaps in accuracy or clarity
Does not identify limitations of the literature review
4.8
Conclusions: Relevance
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Discusses the relevance of the results of literature review to clinical practice
Discusses the relevance of the results of literature review to clinical practice, but with gaps in detail or clarity
Does not discuss the relevance of the results of literature review to clinical practice
4.8
Conclusions: Implications
Meets “Proficient” criteria and draws nuanced connections between concepts
Discusses implications of the recommended practice change on future nursing practice and research
Discusses implications of the recommended practice change on future nursing practice or research, but with gaps in detail
Does not discuss implications of the recommended practice change on future nursing practice and research
4.8
Abstract
Meets “Proficient” criteria and uses scholarly, industry language to demonstrate expertise
Includes a comprehensive abstract
Includes an abstract, but with gaps in detail
Does not include an abstract 4.8
Appendix Meets “Proficient” criteria and presentation of data is exceptionally clear and logical
Provides a comprehensive appendix
Provides an appendix, but with gaps in detail
Does not provide an appendix 2
Articulation of Response
Submission is free of errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, and organization and is presented in a professional and easy-to-read format
Submission has no major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that negatively impact readability and articulation of main ideas
Submission has critical errors related to citations, grammar, spelling, syntax, or organization that prevent understanding of ideas
2
Earned Total 100%
Running head: EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCT SAFETY 1
Equipment and Product Safety 3
The topic I have chosen is Equipment and product safety, which is majorly related to perioperative nursing. Perioperative nursing entails working with patients who are undergoing operative procedures. Perioperative nurses collaboratively work with surgeons and anesthesiologists to ensure improved patient outcomes. The safety of medical products and equipment lays the foundation for successfully undergoing operative procedures for patients. Lack of safe equipment and products may lead to the death of a patient.
My Interest and Purpose
I choose the topic because it greatly affects most people globally. Medical errors, which occur in health care facilities, account for more than 100,000 individuals who die annually. The medical errors entail surgical devices, equipment’s and systems failure. The purpose of this topic is to analyze the impact of equipment and product safety on patient safety and identify the role of nurses in ensuring equipment’s and products are safe for patients.
Background and significance
By extensively researching the topic at hand, I will be able to analyze the safety of medical products and equipment, which include beddings. In addition, I will be able to understand the three pillars, which are used as the basis for the safety of medical products. The pillars include identifying mistakes, updating standards and training (Ojuka, 2019).
Relationship between Research & Evidence-based practice
I will conduct my research through both qualitative and quantitative methodologies in order to come up with new knowledge. Evidence based practice utilizes the best clinical evidence which comes from research. The research may be utilized by nurses to understand the risks and effectiveness of medical equipment and products. This topic has not been greatly researched therefore it will greatly contribute to evidence based practice.
References
Ojuka, D. K., Okutoyi, L., & Otieno, F. C. (2019). Communication in Surgery for Patient Safety. In Vignettes in Patient Safety-Volume 4. IntechOpen.
Equipment and Product Safety in Perioperative Nursing
People who work in the departments of product and equipment evaluation and purchasing process plays a crucial role in the healthcare facility as well as ensuring the safety of patients is protected. Healthcare facility equipment and products are sourced from different suppliers. Thus, it is a sensitive sector that requires a well-structured procuring and evaluation process to reduce the expenses of reimbursements and risks patients are exposed to when faulty tools are used. Johanna Newman argues that perioperative nurses should be trained and understands the process involved when evaluating the safeness of a product, efficiency, effectiveness, cost, and environmental concern since they act as patent’s advocate (2015). Therefore, my perioperative PICO(T) question will be based on surgical site infections. This is a sensitive unit that requires a physician to use sterilized products and equipment to maintain proper handling and patient safety in the operating room. My PICO(T) question would look as follows:
P– Perioperative patients in the cardiovascular operating room
I– Perioperative temperature management using a warming blanket
C– Patients receive no treatment to prevent hypothermia
O– Patients with warming blankets will have a decrease in surgical site infections
T– The study will take place for one year
A recent report released by Johanna Newman (2015) shows that more than 500,000 surgical site infections are recorded every year in a general hospital in the U.S., U.S hospital spends an average of $10 billion on managing hospital-acquired diseases. 14-16% out of the reported cases of hospital-acquired infections is as a result of surgical site infections. Despite surgical site infections affecting patient safety and overall health, it also leads to instances of high mortality rate, ballooning medical bills, a more extended stay in the facility, as well as frequent readmissions. The surgical mortality rate of about 3% is seen in patients who acquire surgical site infections from the surgical room. Therefore, it can be understood that surgical site infections is a real problem in our healthcare facilities.
References
Johanna Newman CRNA, D. N. A. P. (2015). Surgical Site Infection and Prevention Guidelines: A Primer for Certifi ed Registered Nurse Anesthetists. AANA journal, 83(1), 63. Retrieved from: https://www.aana.com/docs/default-source/aana-journal-web-documents-1/jcourse6-0215-pp63-68.pdf?sfvrsn=1ad448b1_6
Surgical site infections 2
Annotated Bibliography
Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., … & Ray, S.
M. (2018). Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in US Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(18), 1732-1744.
A survey that was carried out in the United States in 2011 indicated that 4% of patients who are hospitalized have health-care infections. The survey was conducted again in 2015 to evaluate the prevalence of the infections during a period when there was great national attention to prevent them. Twenty-five hospitals in the Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states were utilized and those that engaged in the 2011 survey were prioritized. Every health care facility chose a day when a random sample of patients was selected for assessment. Individuals who are trained evaluated their medical records based on the definitions of health care associated infections developed in 2011. IN 2015, 12,299 patients were assessed compared to 11,228 that were assessed in 2011. This study concluded that the number of health care-associated infections in 2015 was lower than those identified in 2011. To continue with this progress, it is important to prioritize on safely utilizing equipment and product.
Zuarez-Easton, S., Zafran, N., Garmi, G., & Salim, R. (2017). Postcesarean wound infection:
prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges. International journal of women’s health, 9, 81.
Surgical site infection is a very common complication that develops after cesarean section. It has both physical and emotional consequences to the mother and is a huge financial burden to the healthcare system. There is an increase in the global cesarean section rate therefore surgical site infections are expected to increase. Wound dressing is one of the preventative strategies that can be utilized in preventing infections. Another strategy is skin closure. A meta-analysis that was conducted recently indicated that suture is more effective compared to staples in decreasing the incidence of wound separations.
Chu, K., Maine, R., & Trelles, M. (2015). Cesarean section surgical site infections in sub-
Saharan Africa: a multi-country study from Medecins Sans Frontieres. World journal of surgery, 39(2), 350-355.
Surgical site infections (SSI) result to post-surgical mortality and morbidity and can be a key indicator of the quality of the surgical process. This study aimed at assessing post-operative SSI after a caesarian section (CS) has been conducted. The study utilized data from emergency obstetric programs from three countries which were Sierra Leone, Burundi and Democratic Republic of Congo. The SSI prevalence for the 1,276 women who underwent CS was 7.3%. The median stay for the women who developed SSI was 21 days compared to 7 days of the women who didn’t have SSI. Some of the risk factors associated with SSI include premature membrane rupture, neonatal death and young age. The study concluded that it incidents of SSI can be reduced through utilizing perioperative antibiotics, sterilizing equipment and using clean water. Simple data collection tools should be very helpful for policy makers to assess the quality of control assurance surgical programs in various nations.
Kapadia, B. H., Berg, R. A., Daley, J. A., Fritz, J., Bhave, A., & Mont, M. A. (2016).
Periprosthetic joint infection. The Lancet, 387(10016), 386-394.
Periprosthetic joint infections are a complication that develops after arthroplasty. The rise in the prevalence of diseases such as diabetes and obesity has led to an increase of the rate of periprosthetic joint infections. In an attempt to address this problem, various preventive measures have been implemented. The preventive measures include skin decontamination and glycaemic control. Surgical management practices with a great emphasis on equipment and products have also been refined. This article concludes that prosthetic joint infection can be efficiently managed with various great preventive measures and treatment options.
Weinshel, K., Dramowski, A., Hajdu, Á., Jacob, S., Khanal, B., Zoltán, M., … & Singh, N.
(2015). Gap analysis of infection control practices in low-and middle-income countries. infection control & hospital epidemiology, 36(10), 1208-1214.
Healthcare-associated infections are greater in low and middle income nations compared to higher income nations. This leads to greater patient mortality and morbidity and is a financial burden to the healthcare system. Six international sites located in various countries were utilized to acquire data for this study. The countries include Nepal, South Africa, Greece, Hungary, India, Nepal and Argentina. The study concluded that adhering to the set infection control practices is a great way of reducing the rate of health-associated infections. Other improvement opportunities exist and they include antibiotic stewardship and utilizing surgical instrument process. In addition, hand hygiene must be observed while handling patients.
Bischoff, P., Kubilay, N. Z., Allegranzi, B., Egger, M., & Gastmeier, P. (2017). Effect of laminar
airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 553-561.
The following study compares laminar airflow ventilation and conventional ventilation and evaluates their efficiency in decreasing the risk of surgical site infections. Information was acquired from Medline, Embase and the medical databases of WHO. 1947 records were utilized in this study. Data that was acquired from two investigators was not conclusive therefore more discussion was conducted. According to the results obtained from this study, there is no evidence that supports that laminar airflow is more efficient compared to conventional turbulent ventilation in reducing the risk of SSIs in abdominal surgery and total hip. Decision makers and the hospital management should therefore not consider laminar airflow as an efficient strategy of decreasing the risk of SSIs. This means that the equipment should not be put in the operating rooms since this is just a financial burden to the organization that does not reduce SSIs’s risk.
| Study Citation | Design | Method | Sample | Data Collection | Data Analysis | Validity | Reliability |
| Magill, S. S., O’Leary, E., Janelle, S. J., Thompson, D. L., Dumyati, G., Nadle, J., & Ray, S. M. (2018). Changes in prevalence of health care–associated infections in US Hospitals. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(18), 1732-1744. | Longitudinal and multivariable log-binomial regression modeling | At Emerging Infections Program sites in 10 states, we recruited up to 25 hospitals in each site area, prioritizing hospitals that had participated in the 2011 survey. | Random samples of patients in acute care locations were selected from hospitals’ morning censuses on the survey date with the use of the method that had been used in the 2011 survey | Trained staff of the Emerging Infections Program sites reviewed medical records on the survey date or retrospectively to collect basic demographic and clinical data. | In 2015, a total of 12,299 patients in 199 hospitals were surveyed, as compared with 11,282 patients in 183 hospitals in 2011. Pneumonia, gastrointestinal infections and surgical-site infections were the most common health care–associated infections. | The CDC determined the survey to be a non-research activity. | Point-prevalence surveys of health care–associated infections in health care settings complement location- or infection-specific National Healthcare Safety Network data. |
| Zuarez-Easton, S., Zafran, N., Garmi, G., & Salim, R. (2017). Postcesarean wound infection: prevalence, impact, prevention, and management challenges. International journal of women’s health, 9, 81. | Randomized trials, cohort, case–control, review, and meta-analysis were eligible. | Several electronic databases were searched from inception through June 2016: MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library. | 100,000 maternities compared to the period between 2003 and 2005 | Data was collected through maternal comorbidities, appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis, and evidence-based surgical techniques practices. | Cesarean delivery is one of the most frequent surgical interventions performed worldwide and accounts for up to 60% of deliveries in a number of countries | Two authors (SZE and RS) selected articles first through focused review of abstracts. Eligible studies underwent full-text review. | The research Reviewed maternal death in the UK over a period of 3 years (2006–2008). |
| Chu, K., Maine, R., & Trelles, M. (2015). Cesarean section surgical site infections in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-country study from Medecins Sans Frontieres. World journal of surgery, 39(2), 350-355. | Logistic regression was used to model determinants of SSI. | This study included data from four emergency obstetric programs supported by Medecins sans Frontieres, from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Sierra Leone. | 1,276 women underwent CS. | Data were prospectively collected using a standardized paper form and then entered into an electronic database. | Baseline characteristics were described using medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) for continuous variables and counts and percentages for categorical data. | SSI leads to increased treatment time and possible reoperation. | Study demonstrates that surgery can be performed with a low incidence of SSI in SSA, a proxy for surgical safety. |
| Kapadia, B. H., Berg, R. A., Daley, J. A., Fritz, J., Bhave, A., & Mont, M. A. (2016). Periprosthetic joint infection. The Lancet, 387(10016), 386-394. | 3 phased multi-facility
Quasi-experimental prospective design. Baseline intervention |
Several
database were searched, Embase, Medline Ovid, Webof- science, CINAHL EBSCO, Cochrane Library, PubMed Publisher and Google Scholar |
A total of 679 010 primary knee arthroplasty
cases were sampled |
Data were collected using survey observation, longitudinal design. | no significant difference in the incidence of
periprosthetic joint infection depending on the method of fixation could be shown |
High volume
hospitals have a higher risk for prosthetic joint infection than low-volume hospitals, |
The study
was conducted in a single facility |
| Weinshel, K., Dramowski, A., Hajdu, Á., Jacob, S., Khanal, B., Zoltán, M., … & Singh, N. (2015). Gap analysis of infection control practices in low-and middle-income countries. infection control & hospital epidemiology, 36(10), 1208-1214. | The Infection Control Assessment Tool (ICAT) was field tested | Six international sites located in Argentina, Greece, Hungary, India, Nepal, and South Africa | Hospitals with number of beds ranging from 645 to 2,245. | Through standardized questionnaire with multiple sections and point values | Data from the sites were totaled, scored, and analyzed on the basis of World Bank economy classification. | The sterilization and disinfection of equipment included availability of policies and procedures. | The surveys were completed by the healthcare epidemiologists (SHEA international ambassadors) who were familiar with IC practices and policies of their hospitals |
| Bischoff, P., Kubilay, N. Z., Allegranzi, B., Egger, M., & Gastmeier, P. (2017). Effect of laminar airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(5), 553-561. | meta–analyses | MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and WHO regional medical databases were searched. | 1947 records were sampled | Two independent investigators extracted the data, with disagreements which resolved through further discussion | Eight cohort studies was analyzed using RevMan (version 5.3), and appeared that there is no difference in risk for deep SSIs following total hip arthroplasty. | They used grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation to assess the quality of the identified evidence. | Researchers included the studies discussing the use of laminar airflow in the operating room regarding the reduction of overall or deep SSI |
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