Diabetes mellitus onw verus diabetes mellitus

DIABETES MELLITUS 1 VS DIABETES MELLITUS

GLENDA SHERRY PEVETO

UNITED STATES UNIVERSITY

OVERVIEW

IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, THERE HAS BEEN A STARTLING RISE OF DIABETES DIAGNOSIS. IN 2010, THERE WERE 26 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE US WITH DIABETES, BY 2015 THAT NUMBER HAD INCREASED TO 30.3 MILLION. (CDC, 2017).

FIRST RECOGNIZED BY IN 1500BC (KNIGHT, NIGAM, & ANDRADE, 2017)./

INCREASE BLAMED ON DIET CHANGES

TYPES OF DIABETES TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2

TYPE 1 DIABETES VS TYPE 2 DIABETES

TYPE 1 DIABETES (INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES)

BEGINS IN CHILDHOOD

MUCH MORE COMPLICATIONS

TYPE 2 DIABETES

THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DIABETES

STILL SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS

NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT

Knight, Nigam, & Andrade, 2017

TYPE 1 DIABETES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

AUTOIMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST ALTERED PANCREATIC BETA CELL ANTIGENS

CIRCULATING INSULIN LOW OR ABSENT

PANCREATIC BETA CELLS FAIL TO RESPOND

DESTRUCTION OF INSULIN- SECRETING CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS, CAUSING INSULIN DEFICIENCY

(AACE, 2019)

TYPE 1 DIABETES

MORE FREQUENT GLUCOSE TESTING

HIGHER RISK OF COMPLICATIONS

STRICTER DIET AND EXERCISE ROUTINES

Much more complications

Starts at younger age

Insulin dependent

TYPE 1 DIABETES TREATMENT THERAPIES INSULIN

(Ryan, 2016)

TYPE 2 DIABETES

THE MOST COMMON FORM OF DIABETES

ADULT-ONSET MOSTLY

NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT

26 MILLION AMERICANS DIAGNOSED

TYPE 2 DIABETES PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IMPAIRED REGULATION OF

HEPATIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION

PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE

DECLINING BETA CELL FUNCTION, EVENTUALLY LEADING TO BETA CELL FAILURE (MAHLER & ADLER, 1999)

TYPE 2 DIABETES TREATMENT THERAPIES

DIET MODIFICATIONS

EXERCISE

MEDICATIONS Class Mechanism of action Indication(s)

Sulfonylureas and repaglinide Increase insulin secretion Insulinopenia

Biguanides Decrease hepatic gluoneogenesis Obesity+ insulin resistance

Decrease peripheral insulin resistance

Thiazolidenediones Decrease peripheral insulin resistance Insulin resistance

Reduce fatty acids

-glucosidase inhibitors Slow absorption of carbohydrates Postprandial hyperglycemia

Table 1. Oral agents used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

NEEDS AND RESOURCES FOR PATIENT AND FAMILY

PARTNERSHIP FOR PRESCRIPTION ASSISTANCE

DIETICIAN OR NUTRITION CONSULT

HOME HEALTH TO TRAIN PATIENT AND FAMILY ON GLUCOSE MONITORING

INFORMATION FOR YOUR PATIENTS AT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

REFERENCES: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AACE DIABETES RESOURCE CENTER. (2019).

RETRIEVED FROM HTTP://OUTPATIENT.AACE.COM/TYPE1-DIABETES/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

CASTANEDA, R. (2019, FEBRUARY 11). DIFFERENCES BETWEEN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES. RETRIEVED

FROM HTTPS://HEALTH.USNEWS.COM/CONDITIONS/DIABETES/DIFFERENCES-BETWEEN-TYPE-1-AND-TYPE-2-

DIABETES

DANSINGER, M. (2019, FEBRUARY 16). DIABETES MELLITUS: , SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, &

TREATMENTS. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.WEBMD.COM/DIABETES/GUIDE/TYPES-OF-DIABETES MELLITUS#1

KNIGHT, J., NIGAM, Y., & ANDRADE, M. (2017, MARCH 14). DIABETES MANAGEMENT 1: DISEASE TYPES,

SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS. RETRIEVED FROM HTTPS://WWW.NURSINGTIMES.NET/7016461.ARTICLE

SEARCH=HTTPS://WWW.NURSINGTIMES.NET/SEARCHARTICLES?PARAMETRICS=CATEGORYCLINICAL

SUBJECTS|13228&KEYWORDS=DIABETESPART&PAGESIZE=10&CMD=ADDPM&VA WVSECTIONCODE|19

MAHLER, R., & ADLER, M. (1999, APRIL 01). : UPDATE ON DIAGNOSIS,

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, AND TREATMENT. RETRIEVED FROM

HTTPS://ACADEMIC.OUP.COM/JCEM/ARTICLE/84/4/1165/2864079

https://health.usnews.com/conditions/diabetes/differences-between-type-1-and-type-2-
https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/types-of-diabetes-
https://www.nursingtimes.net/7016461.article
REFERENCES CONT.

New CDC Report: More than 100 Million Americans Have Diabetes or Prediabetes | CDC Online Newsroom | CDC. (2018). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p0718-diabetes-report.html. Osborn, C. (2017, August 24). What’s the Difference Between and ? Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/difference-between-type-1-and-type-2- Diabetes Ryan, L. (2016). . Retrieved from https://www.rn.com/nursing-news/understanding-insulin-administration/

http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2017/p0718-
https://www.healthline.com/health/difference-between-type-1-and-type-2-
Slide 1
Overview
Type 1 Diabetes VS type 2 diabetes
Slide 4
Type 1 diabetes pathophysiology
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes treatment Therapies
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes pathophysiology
Type 2 diabetes treatment Therapies
Needs and resources for patient and family
References:
References cont.