Sample Papers

Nonverbal Messages Nonverbal communication is communication without words. You communicate nonverbally when you gesture, smile or frown, widen your eyes, move your chair closer to someone, […]

Politeness in inclusion and exclusion Another perspective on politeness can be seen in messages of inclusion and exclusion. Inclusive messages include all people present, acknowledge the […]

Adjust Your Communication Intercultural communication (in fact, all interpersonal communication) takes place only to the extent that one person can understand the meanings of the words […]

Principles for Effective Intercultural Communication 2.3 Define intercultural communication and explain and use the guidelines for making intercultural communication more effective. intercultural communication refers to communication […]

Reduce Your Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism is the tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors. It’s […]

Indulgence and Restraint Cultures also differ in their emphasis on indulgence or restraint (Hofstede, Hofstede, & Minkov, 2010). Cultures high in indulgence emphasize the gratification of […]

Long- and Short-Term Orientation Another interesting distinction is the one between long- and short-term orientation. Some cultures teach a long-term orientation, an orientation that promotes the […]

High-Ambiguity-Tolerant and Low-Ambiguity-Tolerant Cultures Levels of ambiguity tolerance vary widely among cultures. In some cultures, people do little to avoid uncertainty, and they have little anxiety […]

Masculine and Feminine Cultures Especially important for self-concept is the culture’s attitude about gender roles, that is, about how a man or woman should act. In fact, […]